Buffer Overflow Exploitation [Theory]
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this is called a stack-based buffer overflow. this is a very common way to exploit vulnerabilities in applications. to exploit a buffer overflow vulnerability, we need to put the code that we want to execute into the memory next to the buffer that is being overflowed. when the program executes the memory location at the buffer, the buffer is sized to hold the memory needed to execute the instructions at that location. if we put in more code than is allocated for the buffer, the memory that isnt used by the buffer will be overwritten. theoretically, if we put in a bunch of code, we should overwrite the return address, jump to our code, and then overwrite the return address again and start executing our code!
in the example below, we use a buffer overflow to overwrite the return address on the stack, which will execute our malicious code instead of returning to the previous instructions. to see this in action, lets walk through the steps of a stack-based buffer overflow attack.
#include int main() { char stack[1024]; char malicious[] = "this will be overwritten by malicious code!"; stacklen = sizeof(stack); // stacklen is the size of the stack // stack is the buffer we will overflow // malicious is the string we want to put in the buffer char *ptr = stack; while(*ptr!= null) { ptr++; } *ptr = malicious; } the first line in the example above includes the standard header file that defines the string and integer functions. this is a pretty standard part of the c programming language.
in a computer, data is stored in memory in packets of bytes. each byte is represented by 8 bits. each byte has a value from 0 to 255. most computers are 8-bit bytes, so data is typically stored in bytes. however, this memory is finite, and sometimes we are unlucky enough to create a situation where the bytes are so close together that we can write them all at once. that is, when we write to the end of a buffer, the bytes we put in overwrite the bytes that came before them. this situation is known as a buffer overflow. 3d9ccd7d82
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